Optimal. Leaf size=260 \[ -\frac {d \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{a x}-\frac {\left (2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e\right )^{3/2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} x}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c} \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{3/2}}+\frac {\left (2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e\right )^{3/2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} x}{\sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c} \left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )^{3/2}} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.58, antiderivative size = 432, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.66, number of steps
used = 16, number of rules used = 8, integrand size = 29, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.276, Rules used = {1309, 283,
223, 212, 1706, 399, 385, 211} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt {2 c d-e \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )} \left (\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+d\right ) \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {x \sqrt {2 c d-e \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )}}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 a \sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac {\sqrt {2 c d-e \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )} \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {x \sqrt {2 c d-e \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b} \sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 a \sqrt {\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}}-\frac {\sqrt {e} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {e} x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right ) \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{2 a}-\frac {\sqrt {e} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {e} x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right ) \left (\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+d\right )}{2 a}-\frac {d \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{a x}+\frac {d \sqrt {e} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {e} x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{a} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 211
Rule 212
Rule 223
Rule 283
Rule 385
Rule 399
Rule 1309
Rule 1706
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {\left (d+e x^2\right )^{3/2}}{x^2 \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )} \, dx &=-\frac {\int \frac {\left (b d-a e+c d x^2\right ) \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{a+b x^2+c x^4} \, dx}{a}+\frac {d \int \frac {\sqrt {d+e x^2}}{x^2} \, dx}{a}\\ &=-\frac {d \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{a x}-\frac {\int \left (\frac {\left (c d+\frac {c (b d-2 a e)}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2}+\frac {\left (c d-\frac {c (b d-2 a e)}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2}\right ) \, dx}{a}+\frac {(d e) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}} \, dx}{a}\\ &=-\frac {d \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{a x}+\frac {(d e) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-e x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{a}-\frac {\left (c \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt {d+e x^2}}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2} \, dx}{a}-\frac {\left (c \left (d+\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt {d+e x^2}}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2} \, dx}{a}\\ &=-\frac {d \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{a x}+\frac {d \sqrt {e} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {e} x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{a}-\frac {\left (e \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}} \, dx}{2 a}-\frac {\left (\left (2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e\right ) \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2\right ) \sqrt {d+e x^2}} \, dx}{2 a}-\frac {\left (e \left (d+\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}} \, dx}{2 a}-\frac {\left (\left (2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e\right ) \left (d+\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2\right ) \sqrt {d+e x^2}} \, dx}{2 a}\\ &=-\frac {d \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{a x}+\frac {d \sqrt {e} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {e} x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{a}-\frac {\left (e \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-e x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 a}-\frac {\left (\left (2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e\right ) \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}-\left (-2 c d+\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e\right ) x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 a}-\frac {\left (e \left (d+\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-e x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 a}-\frac {\left (\left (2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e\right ) \left (d+\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}-\left (-2 c d+\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e\right ) x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 a}\\ &=-\frac {d \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{a x}-\frac {\sqrt {2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} \left (d+\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} x}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 a \sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac {\sqrt {2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} x}{\sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 a \sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac {d \sqrt {e} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {e} x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{a}-\frac {\sqrt {e} \left (d-\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {e} x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 a}-\frac {\sqrt {e} \left (d+\frac {b d-2 a e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {e} x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 a}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [B] Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(7789\) vs. \(2(260)=520\).
time = 16.26, size = 7789, normalized size = 29.96 \begin {gather*} \text {Result too large to show} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order
3.
time = 0.16, size = 351, normalized size = 1.35
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {d \sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}}{a x}-\frac {\sqrt {e}\, \left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\RootOf \left (c \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}+\left (4 e b -4 c d \right ) \textit {\_Z}^{3}+\left (16 a \,e^{2}-8 d e b +6 c \,d^{2}\right ) \textit {\_Z}^{2}+\left (4 d^{2} e b -4 c \,d^{3}\right ) \textit {\_Z} +d^{4} c \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (\left (a \,e^{2}-c \,d^{2}\right ) \textit {\_R}^{2}+2 d \left (3 a \,e^{2}-2 d e b +c \,d^{2}\right ) \textit {\_R} +d^{2} e^{2} a -d^{4} c \right ) \ln \left (\left (\sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}-\sqrt {e}\, x \right )^{2}-\textit {\_R} \right )}{c \,\textit {\_R}^{3}+3 \textit {\_R}^{2} b e -3 \textit {\_R}^{2} c d +8 \textit {\_R} a \,e^{2}-4 \textit {\_R} b d e +3 c \,d^{2} \textit {\_R} +d^{2} e b -c \,d^{3}}\right )}{2 a}\) | \(224\) |
default | \(\frac {\sqrt {e}\, \left (\frac {\left (\sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}-\sqrt {e}\, x \right )^{2}}{2}-2 \left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\RootOf \left (c \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}+\left (4 e b -4 c d \right ) \textit {\_Z}^{3}+\left (16 a \,e^{2}-8 d e b +6 c \,d^{2}\right ) \textit {\_Z}^{2}+\left (4 d^{2} e b -4 c \,d^{3}\right ) \textit {\_Z} +d^{4} c \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (\left (a \,e^{2}-c \,d^{2}\right ) \textit {\_R}^{2}+2 d \left (3 a \,e^{2}-2 d e b +c \,d^{2}\right ) \textit {\_R} +d^{2} e^{2} a -d^{4} c \right ) \ln \left (\left (\sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}-\sqrt {e}\, x \right )^{2}-\textit {\_R} \right )}{c \,\textit {\_R}^{3}+3 \textit {\_R}^{2} b e -3 \textit {\_R}^{2} c d +8 \textit {\_R} a \,e^{2}-4 \textit {\_R} b d e +3 c \,d^{2} \textit {\_R} +d^{2} e b -c \,d^{3}}\right )-\frac {d^{2}}{2 \left (\sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}-\sqrt {e}\, x \right )^{2}}+6 d \ln \left (\sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}-\sqrt {e}\, x \right )\right )}{4 a}+\frac {-\frac {\left (e \,x^{2}+d \right )^{\frac {5}{2}}}{d x}+\frac {4 e \left (\frac {x \left (e \,x^{2}+d \right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}{4}+\frac {3 d \left (\frac {x \sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}}{2}+\frac {d \ln \left (\sqrt {e}\, x +\sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}\right )}{2 \sqrt {e}}\right )}{4}\right )}{d}}{a}\) | \(351\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 4096 vs.
\(2 (225) = 450\).
time = 8.47, size = 4096, normalized size = 15.75 \begin {gather*} \text {Too large to display} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\left (d + e x^{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}{x^{2} \left (a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}\right )}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F(-1)] Timed out
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Timed out} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {{\left (e\,x^2+d\right )}^{3/2}}{x^2\,\left (c\,x^4+b\,x^2+a\right )} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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